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Summary
Social Justice Class 01

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON INDIAN SOCIETY (01:06 PM)

  • The Impact of Globalisation on Indian society ahs manifold impact, which can be broadly categorised into:
  • ON CULTURE
  • 1)HOMOGENISATION
  • Establishment of Uniform culture
  • Example:
  • a)Macdonaldisation of food habits.
  • b)Obsession with the English language.
  • c)Jeans Culture.
  • d)E-commerce.
  • e)Secularisation
  • f)Walmartisation.
  • g)Netflix culture.
  • h)Live-in relationship.
  • i)Obsession with fair complexion.
  • j)De-ritualisation of marriage, For example, court marriages.
  • 2)HYBRIDIZATION 
  • Global + Local = Glocalisation.
  • Examples:
  • a)Macdonald is going veg during Navratri.
  • b)Hinglish
  • c)Jeans + Kurta
  • d)Different forms of family.Example: Nuclear family + Extended ties.
  • e)Netflix India.
  • f)Spiderman in Bhojpuri.
  • DEFINING GLOBALISATION
  • Globalisation is defined as a process by which national, regional, economy, society and culture are interconnected movement of people, ideas, technology, capital, trade etc.

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON MARRIAGE (01:29 PM)

  • According to Mazumdar, Marriage as an institution has the following goals:
  • a)Sexual gratification.
  • b)Transmission of culture
  • c)Socialisation of children.
  • d)Fulfilling the economic needs.
  • Impact of globalisation on marriage:
  • 1)PURPOSE
  • a)To maintain the purity of lineage.
  • b)Progeny meaning reproduction, carrying your lineage ahead.
  • But now there is an increasing trend of intercaste & interfaith marriages and there is also the emergence of the DINK family(Double income + No kid).
  • So today marriage is happening for companionship which is also evident from emerging marriages in the late years of life or the emergence of second marriages.
  • 2)NATURE OF MARRIAGE
  • It all started with an arranged marriage, Gradually people started moving towards a love marriage and now it is a confluent marriage,which is nothing but love until further notice.

TYPES OF MARRIAGES (01:40 PM)

  • The types of marriages have also undergone a change owing to globalisation:
  • a)Weekend marriage - To lead a life based on individualism and not compromise the lifestyle, Married couples choose to stay together only on weekends.
  • b)Living apart together marriages - When couples decide to live separately for work or financial reasons or prefer to be in different locations for opportunities, It may be also because they love their space and believe that not being together constantly actually strengthens their bond.
  • c)Empty shell - Lack of emotional connection between the partners, they live together under societal pressure.
  • d)Contractual - 
  • e)Open marriage -Two people are married to each other but open to having sexual/emotional relations with others, Found among the urban upper class.
  • THREATS OR ALTERNATIVE TO MARRIAGE
  • a)Globalisation leading to secularisation because of which divorces and separations are no longer taboo and the emergence of live-in relationships is a norm.
  • b)Attitude concerning marriage 
  • Neither it is considered universal nor functional any longer.
  • c)De-ritualisation of marriage.
  • d)Commercialisation of marriage 
  • e)Emergence of conjugal symmetrical families(More democratic relations)

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON THE MIDDLE CLASS (02:06 PM)

  • Middle class refers to a class of people in the middle of the social hierarchy defined by occupation, income, education, and social status. It is perceived to be associated with modernity, capitalism, political debate etc.
  • The traditional middle class was characterised as the flag bearer of the culture. According to Neera Chandok, the Middle class is defined as the cornerstone of the Indian democracy.
  • It provides a voice to the voiceless.
  • It helps in organising the issues of the vulnerable and draws the attention of the government towards them.
  • Due to their educational background, they can provide policy inputs to the government.
  • *According to Amartya Sen, the Middle class scrutinises public policy, leads public debate, and acts as a think tank.
  • The middle class contributes to revenue generation as it is a tax-paying community.
  • It helps in running the economy by creating domestic demand for the products.
  • The middle class is considered a harbinger of social revolution. It provides leadership in social movements and it has the potential to bring socio-economic changes and is the most politically mobilised section of society.
  • According to Leela Fernandes, Post liberalisation there is an emergence of a new middle class which is characterised by English speaking, Urban living, Working in the private sector and being known for the culture of consumption.
  • She said that newness is not due to new entrants but due to a new set of norms. For example: How one's modesty simple living, saving etc mark middle-class ethics but now it is consumption.
  • It is observed that a few tier 2 cities recorded economic growth of 40%.For example: Jaipur, Patna, Lucknow, Indore and Surat.
  • Due to over-urbanisation, the New middle class (NMC) is finding an alternative in tier 2 cities. They have disposable income which increases their purchasing capacity, with the penetration of social media, changes in consumption habits, demand for branded products, e-commerce, Feeling of relative deprivation etc have triggered the culture of consumption which has boosted the growth of tier 2 cities.
  • To meet demand tier 2 cities have emerged as a hub of large medium and small enterprises.
  • The digital revolution and rise of the service sector has led to the growth of the Gig economy which has also contributed to the growth of tier 2 cities.
  • Government initiatives such as Digital India, Smart City, and Startup India have accelerated urban transformation.
  • According to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry,50% of recognised startups are in tier 2 and tier 3 cities.
  • Increased consumerism which has challenged delayed gratification, It has further led to increased aspirations however if not met has created:
  • a)Disruption of family.
  • b)Breakdown of marriages.
  • c)Incidences of domestic abuse/Corporal punishment for the children.
  • d)Mental health issues(Increased incidences of Suicide)
  • Changing family structure has taken a toll on the way families are raised i.e. not only an increase in nuclear families but a new style of parenting known as iPad parenting.
  • Even though the middle class is learning to discard caste inequality, but class inequality is still rising.
  • Growing detachment from traditional roots for example: Parents evident from increased old age homes.
  • Although globalisation is said to create problems it has resulted in:
  • a)More Income Opportunities
  • b)Breakdown of taboos.
  • c)Making people secular concerning marriage, accommodation and commensality.
  • The rise of cosmopolitan culture is making them accommodative of diversity.
  • They were always known for their political awareness but in contemporary times they are failing as a pressure group to influence policy making.

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON THE YOUTH (02:55 PM)

  • According to the official statistics, Youth fall in the age bracket of (15-35)
  • With respect to technology:
  • a)It has provided increased access to information, and skill development but due to overreliance on technology there is an instance of sedentary lifestyle, non-communicable disease, mental health issues, social media addiction etc.
  • With respect to Employment
  • Globalisation has created diverse jobs, which are well-paid and highly skilled but it has also led to displacement of unskilled and semi-skilled youth due to mechanisation.
  • With respect to value system
  • Secularisation of youth.
  • Disintegration of joint family + lack of agency of social control.

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON MEDIA AND TRIBAL LIFE (03:03 PM)

  • Please refer to the PPTs as suggested by the faculty.

The topic for the next class: Continuation of the Impact on Globalisation